Kani waa buug si xeel-dheer u warramaya, si fiican u qoran oo raaxo leh oo leh gogol uu dhigay Declan Kiberd. Saamaynta buugga mageriye ee Kiberd, Hindisaha Ireland: Suugaanta Qaranka casriga ah (1996), waxaa si cad u qiraya Éimear O'Connor oo furitaankeeda, sida Kiberd, su'aasha ah: "Haddii Eebbe abuuray hindhis si looga ilaaliyo in Irishku dunida xukumo, yaa soo hindisay Ireland?" Maaddaama Kiberd isku dayey inuu ka jawaabo su'aasha isagoo adeegsanaya suugaanta Irish, gudaha Farshaxanka, Ireland iyo Qurbajoogta Irishka: Chicago, Dublin, New York 1893-1939 Dhaqanka, Xiriirka, iyo Muranka, O'Conner wuxuu isku dayayaa farshaxanka muuqaalka ah muddada 50-ka sano ah ee u dhexeysa 1893 iyo 1939. Waxa soo ifbaxaya waa shiraac weyn oo muujinaya shakhsiyaad kala duwan, dhacdooyin, bandhigyo iyo mawduucyo ka dhan ah asalka isbeddelka siyaasadeed iyo dhaqan ee muhiimka ah ee Ireland, ka hor iyo kadib heshiiskii Anglo-Irish ee 1921. Haddii, sida uu soo jeediyay Kiberd, xiriirka qotada dheer ee Ireland iyo England uu ula jeeday in Ingiriisku gacan ka gaystay hindisaha Ireland qarniyo badan, O'Connor wuxuu dhulka u weecinayaa xiriirka Ireland iyo America. Buuggu wuxuu xoojinayaa, oo muujinayaa, in 'fikradda Ireland' ay qaabeeyeen, in badan, qurbajoogta Irish iyo xiriir dhaqankooda ay la leeyihiin dad badan oo ku nool Ireland. Qof ayaa ku doodi kara in saameynta dhaqameed ee America ee waqtigaas ay aad u xoogan tahay, in kasta oo aan xubin ka nahay Midowga Yurub ilaa iyo 1973, siyaasigii hore wuxuu oran karaa xoogaa ansax ah: "Waxaan ka dhow nahay Boston marka loo eego Berlin."
Sida cinwaanka buuggu tilmaamayo, kani ma aha buug farshaxan taariikhi ah oo farshaxannada si faahfaahsan loogu baaro. Taabadalkeed, waa xisaab dhaqan-bulsheed ee labyrinth ee isku xirka labada dal taas oo fududeysay muuqaalka weyn ee farshaxanka Irish ee Mareykanka. Dhacdooyinka siyaasadeed ee heer caalami, heer qaran iyo farshaxanba, si kastaba ha noqotee, lama ilaawin. Saamaynta siyaasadda waddani ee muxaafidka ah ka dib heshiiskii 1921 ee farshaxanka muuqaalka ah ayaa si xeeladeysan loogu soo koobay sheekada oo dhan. Hal tusaale waa Wasaaradda Farshaxanka oo muddo kooban jirtay 1921 taas oo, ka dib mowqifkii kahortagga heshiiskii De Valera, horseeday dhicitaankii dowladdii Free State iyo Wasaaradda.
Muranno kala duwan ayaa lagu sharraxay buugga, oo ay ku jiraan taxaddarrada mucaaradka Hugh Lane ee Xaruntii Farshaxanka Casriga ahayd ee Hugh Lane, masiirkii 39 sawir gacmeedyo iyo dhimashadii naxdinta lahayd ee Lane ee Lusitania 1915. Qoraagu wuxuu ku nuuxnuuxsaday in mucaaradka caadiga ah ee labada dhaqan ee ka soo horjeedda dhaqanka. casrigan casriga ahi wuu ka nuugsan yahay inta badan sawirada. Farshaxanyahannada nooc kasta oo ay yihiin waxay u baahan yihiin dhagaystayaal. Sidaa darteed, farshaxanleyda Royal Hibernian Academy ee muxaafidka ah, tusaale ahaan, waxay inta badan ku soo bandhigaan agabyahannada casriga ah bandhigyo ka dhaca gudaha iyo dibaddaba. Sidoo kale, in kasta oo ay door muhiim ah ku lahayd Renaissance suugaanta ah ee Irish, haddana Lady Gregory si kastaba ha ahaatee waxay si buuxda u taageertay hamiga abtigeed ee madxafka farshaxanka casriga ah iyada oo u ololeyneysa oo lacag ka uruurineysa Mareykanka, halka ay dalxiis u ahayd 1913 tiyaatarka Abbey. Lady Aberdeen sidoo kale, in kasta oo ay tahay qayb ka mid ah xukunkii Ingiriisiga ee lagu aasaasay Ireland, waxay ahayd qof si xamaasad leh u taageerta Xeerka Guriga waxayna lahayd rabitaan samafal ah oo lagu yareeyo saboolnimada iyada oo la aasaasay Ururka Warshadaha Irishka 1886. Waxay markaa u jeedsatay ciribtirka qaaxada, aasaasida Ururka Caafimaadka Qaranka Haweenka sanadkii 1907 iyo Peamount Hospital sanadkii 1912.
Qoraagu wuxuu ku sheegay hordhaca, inuu ahaa cilmi baaris hore (iyo buug ku xigay, Seán Keating: Farshaxanka, Siyaasadda iyo Dhismaha Qaranka Irish sanadkii 2013), oo horseeday buugan. Waxaa loo qaybiyaa afar qaybood oo taariikheed ah: 1893 ilaa 1907; 1907 ilaa 1924; 1923 ilaa 1935 iyo 1931 ilaa 1939. Midkastaba wuxuu leeyahay hordhac iyo soo koobid kooban. Qaab-dhismeedkani wuxuu u oggolaanayaa qoraaga inuu ilaaliyo xakamaynta sheeko dhinacyo badan leh oo ku saabsan shakhsiyaadka, ururada, bandhigyada iyo astaamahooda, haddana wuxuu soo saarayaa buug isku xidhan oo is dhexgal ah.
Mid ka mid ah guulaha ugu waawayn ee buuggu gaadhay waa habka shakhsiyaadka si muuqata loogu soo nooleeyo. Sidaa darteed, waxaan raaci karnaa waxqabadyada kala duwan ee Lady Aberdeen, farshaxanka iyo falanqeeyaha dhaqanka George Russell (AE), Sir Horace Plunkett, aasaasaha Ururka Ururka Beeraha ee Irish iyo Waaxda Beeraha iyo Tilmaamaha Farsamada, iyo qareenka Irish-Mareykan John Quinn , illaa dhimashadooda qaybaha dambe ee buugga. Quinn (1870-1924) waa, si sax ah, oo loo soo bandhigay inuu yahay shaqsi muhiim u ah qurbajoogta, marka laga hadlayo saaxiibtinimadiisa Irishka iyo taageerada firfircoon ee farshaxanka Irish iyada oo loo marayo deyn laga soo qaatay aruurinta 'The Armory Show' (1913) iyo bandhigyo kale. Wuxuu sidoo kale mas'uul ka ahaa furitaanka farshaxanka Irishka ee Ameerika isagoo ka dhaadhiciyay Guddiga Ways and Means in 1913 si loo yareeyo waajibaadka canshuuraha ee farshaxanka casriga ah ee dadka aan deegaanka ahayn. Tani, markeeda, waxay horseedday tiro galleello ah oo kuyaal New York, oo ay kujiraan Helen Hackett Gallery iyo Padraic Farrell's Rooms Art Rooms, oo labaduba ku takhasusay farshaxanka Irish.
In kasta oo doorka lama huraanka ah ee haweenka ee farshaxanka iyo farshaxanka ee Ireland la qirey, in dumarka noocaas ah ee Ameerika jooga sida Helen Hackett (xaaskii hore ee émigré E. Byrne Hackett, agaasimihii ugu horreeyey ee Yale University Press) iyo Madeleine Boyd aan si fiican loo aqoon . Sidoo kale, farshaxanleyda sida Marjorie Organ, Michael Power O'Malley, Patrick Tuohy, dhammaan Irish émigrés, iyo sawir qaade Frances Hubbard Flaherty ayaa horay loogu soo qaaday si loogu sii fiirsado.
Deeqda waxbarasho ee ugu dambeysay ee bandhigyada ayaa tilmaamtay inay yihiin habka ugu caansan ee farshaxanka loola kulmo. Buugga O'Connor wuxuu aqoonsan yahay tan isagoo siinaya faahfaahinta bandhigyo iyo carwooyin ay farshaxannada iyo farshaxannada Irishku ugu soo bandhigeen bulshada ku dhaqan Ireland iyo Ameerika laga bilaabo 1853 ilaa 1939. Buuggan ayaa qiime u yeelan doona dhammaan kuwa xiiseynaya sida farshaxanka muuqaalka ah ee Irishku u dhexgalay. , maahan oo kaliya akadeemiyada Mareykanka iyada oo loo marayo barnaamijyada Daraasaadka Dhaqanka ee Irish, laakiin sidoo kale sida wadada loogu furay farshaxan-yahannada Irish si ay u galaan booskooda masraxa caalamiga.
Brenda Moore-McCann waa dhakhtar caafimaad iyo taariikhyahan farshaxaneed. Iyadu waa qoraaga 'The Irish Diaspora, Dagaalkii Qaboobaa iyo Farshaxanka Mareykanka ee Ireland,' gudaha Farshaxan Kulul, Dagaal Qabow - Qoraalka Reer Galbeedka iyo Waqooyiga Yurub ee Farshaxanka Mareykanka 1945-1990 (New York & London: Routledge, 2021) pp. 59-87 (saxaafadda).
