Nā Kūlike, Nā Hālāwai Loaʻa a me ka Laki
Kūkākūkā ʻo BRIAN O'DOHERTY i nā pilikia e pili ana i kāna ʻoihana noʻeau me BRENDA MOORE-MCCANN i kāna nīnau mua ʻana mai ka wā i kanu ʻia ai ʻo 'PATRICK IRELAND' - KA PSEUDONYM /PERSONA THE ARTIST i hana ma lalo o ka lā Sābati 1972 mai ka lā Sābati. (1)
Brenda Moore-McCann: ʻO ka Visual Artists News Sheet e kālele ana i nā mea hana kiʻi i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano ʻoihana like ʻole, ka hoʻokele a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana o kā lākou ʻoihana. ʻO ka nānā ʻana i kāu hoʻomaʻamaʻa kiʻi i nā makahiki he 50 i hala e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano ʻokoʻa i kēlā ʻano ʻōnaehana. E ʻōlelo paha kekahi e hōʻike ana i kahi ʻano kipi e ʻike pū ʻia ma kāu palapala koʻikoʻi. No ka laʻana, i ka makahiki 1986 Ma hope i I loko o ke Koke Keʻokeʻo Ua ʻike ʻoe ʻaʻole i nīnau ʻia ka ʻōnaehana hoʻokele waiwai e pili ana i nā kiʻi (ma waho aʻe o nā kiʻi o nā makahiki 1960 a me 1970) e ke kiʻi nui o ka mea pena, i loaʻa iā mākou ke kiʻi a mākou e uku ai ma mua o ke kiʻi kūpono iā mākou. Ma mua o nā makahiki 1960 i ka wā i kākau ai ʻoe i ka New York Times, ua kākau ʻoe i ka The Corruption of Individuality, kahi āu i wehewehe ai i ka hoʻopau ʻana o ke kūʻokoʻa noʻeau i mua o nā mea hoʻowalewale o ka "hale wela, ka lewa kālā nui." ʻO ka hope, ua ʻōlelo ʻoe e pili ana iā Orson Welles: "No ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana iā Welles, ʻo Welles ke alakaʻi, ʻo Welles ka mea keaka, ʻo Welles ka mea kākau, ʻo Welles ke kilokilo, ʻo Welles ma kāna ʻano ʻano like ʻole, mai kāna hana he hana hope ʻole, a ma hope he mea kānalua. E like me kāna mau kiʻiʻoniʻoni, ʻo ia kāna moʻolelo ponoʻī. Hoʻopili ʻo ia a me kāna hana kiʻi i nā ala i ʻike ʻole ʻia e kekahi mau ʻōlelo hoʻohewa. Akā ʻo wai ka mea e hana nei i nā lula ma ʻaneʻi? ʻO kēia mau kikokikona a pau iaʻu e hōʻike ana i nā ʻano i ʻike ʻia i loko o kāu kiʻi. E ʻae paha ʻoe?
ʻO Brian O'Doherty: ʻO nā mea a pau he mea maʻamau, ʻokoʻa a pili i ka manawa kūpono a he mea kupanaha ka pau ʻana i ko mākou wahi. ʻO kaʻu ʻoihana ponoʻī, inā hiki iā ʻoe ke kapa iā ia, ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia e nā coincidences maʻamau, nā hālāwai manawa, me nā nudges o ka pōmaikaʻi. Nui kaʻu aie i nā poʻe ʻē aʻe. Na Thomas McGreevy, i kekahi wahine nui i kapa ʻia ʻo Nancy Hanks, i kaʻu wahine ʻo Barbara Novak. Mai loko mai o nā mea a pau e puka mai ana kekahi ʻano moʻolelo moʻolelo ʻoe e like me ʻoe iho, ʻo kēlā me kēia ʻano. ʻAʻole au i ʻike iā ia iho he ʻano paʻa, akā ma ke ʻano he wai, multivalent series of accommodation i loko a me waho, e hānau ana i nā ʻano like ʻole. ʻO ia ka ʻike o kēlā me kēia kanaka, manaʻo wau. Ua hoʻololi wale au i kekahi o kaʻu—personae, ʻo wau. ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻole manaʻo kēia mau mea ʻaʻole ʻoe e hui pū i kou poʻo ke hele ʻoe i ke alanui i ke kaʻa. Kāhea wau i kēlā kanaka hana i kēlā me kēia lā, nāna e kūʻai i nā mea kūʻai a uku i ka hoʻolimalima, 'lawelawe maikaʻi', he ʻano hoa maikaʻi akā ʻaʻole ʻoi aku ka mālamalama. E nalowale ana au me ia.
BMMc: ʻO kāu mau hoʻolālā noʻeau mai nā makahiki kanaono ma luna o ka ʻimi ʻimi e pale aku i kahi ala kūʻai. Malia paha ʻo ka māhele ʻelele maikaʻi loa i loko o kāu oeuvre ʻo ka ephemeral Kii kaula ʻO nā hoʻonohonoho o nā makahiki he 36 i hala i hana ʻia e kāu kanaka i kanu ʻia nei ʻo Patrick Ireland. Hiki iā ʻoe ke ʻōlelo i kāu mau manaʻo nui ma ke ʻano he mea pena?
BOD: ʻAʻohe aʻu mea kūʻē i ke kālā, koe wale nō ke loaʻa ʻole iaʻu. Akā, hana nā mea pena kiʻi i nā mea a me nā mea e komo i ka scape kālā hoʻokele waiwai. A laila hiki mai nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻOi aku ka nui o ke kālā ma mua o ke kiʻi. Lilo ke kiʻi i ka fetishised. ʻO nā hana kiʻi a me nā kūʻai aku e lilo i mea hōʻoia i ka waiwai. E emi ana ka mana kupua o ke akamai. Aia mākou i loko o ka decadence nui. ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke koi aku i ke kūlana kiʻekiʻe a i ʻole ka pono. Ua hana au i nā mea hoʻokomo no ka manawa lōʻihi ka spine nui o kaʻu hana no nā makahiki he kanahā no ka mea ʻo ia kaʻu hana e hana ai. Ua mālama iaʻu ma waho o ka mākeke. Ua kākoʻo au iaʻu iho - a me kaʻu hana - me nā hana ʻē aʻe. He mea kōkua ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi wahine maikaʻi e ʻike iā ʻoe ma luna o nā puʻupuʻu impecunious. Ua hana ʻia nā mea hoʻonohonoho a pau e Patrick Ireland, ka mea i waiho ʻia i kēia manawa ma IMMA, na Enrique Juncosa. No ka manawa pōkole, koe wale no hoʻokahi ma Kalamazoo. ʻO nā hana noʻeau manawa, manaʻo wau, e hoʻokala i ka ʻike o ka mea nānā. ʻO ka mea āu e ʻike nei aia ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka withdrawal. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka hana kiʻi kino i nā huaʻōlelo o ka mihi, nā manaʻo hoʻomanaʻo o ka hoʻomanaʻo, me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana - i koʻu hihia - iā ʻoe iho i ka hana. No laila, ʻo ka noho ʻana i kahi hoʻonohonoho manawaleʻa hiki ke lilo i mea paʻakikī.
BMMc: E ʻae paha ʻoe e hiki i kāu mau palapala ke hāʻawi pinepine i nā hōʻailona o kāu mau hoʻolālā ma ke ʻano he mea pena?
BOD: Ua kākau wau e pili ana i nā mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe, akā ʻaʻole nui loa. Aʻo wau i kekahi mea ke kākau wau e pili ana i nā mea pena kiʻi ʻē aʻe. Kākau wau e pili ana i kaʻu hana ponoʻī ma nā leka i nā hoaaloha. Nui koʻu manaʻo ma ia ʻano. ʻO ka puke White Cube e pili ana, ma nā ʻano like ʻole, i koʻu hopohopo ponoʻī ma ke ʻano he mea pena. Ua puka mai ia mai loko mai o kaʻu mau mea hoʻonoho. E piʻi ana au ma luna o kēlā mau hale keʻokeʻo, e hoʻopili ana i nā laina i nā kaupaku, nā kihi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe a hiki i koʻu nīnau ʻana iaʻu iho, "he aha kēia pahu keʻokeʻo aʻu i loko?" A i ʻole, ua nīnau mai ka pahu keʻokeʻo iaʻu, "no ke aha ʻoe ma luna o koʻu mau wahi puʻupaʻa?" Pīhoihoi au i ka hoʻokipa koke ʻana iā White Cube ma Artforum. Me he mea lā e hele mau ana. E hiki mai ana nā unuhi hou aʻe – Palani, Italia. Manaʻo ka poʻe i kēia manawa he mau mea naʻauao kaʻu e ʻōlelo ai e pili ana i ka hale kiʻi. ʻaʻole wau. Ua ʻōlelo wau i kaʻu mea e ʻōlelo ai. ʻAʻole wau he kumu kiʻi kiʻi.
BMMc: I kēia manawa ua hoʻomaha ʻia kāu pseudonym kaulana (a kaulana i kekahi) ʻo Patrick Ireland, hiki iā ʻoe ke noʻonoʻo i ka ʻike 36 makahiki o ka noho ʻana a me ka hana ʻana ma Patrick Ireland?
BOD: ʻO Patrick Ireland e like me kou ʻike he hana kālaiʻāina. Ua hoʻoikaika nui ʻo Bloody Sunday ma Derry iaʻu, e like me nā mea ʻē aʻe. Ua pūlima au i kaʻu hana ma ia inoa a hiki i ka haʻalele ʻana o ka poʻe Brits iā Northern Ireland a hāʻawi ʻia nā kupa a pau i ko lākou pono kīwila. ʻO Liam Kelly ma Belfast a noho nui wau i ka pilina. Mālama ʻo ia iaʻu i ka ʻike maikaʻi. Ua hiki mai ka manawa e haalele ai ia Patrick. Manaʻo wau he ʻoihana koʻikoʻi ka lawe ʻana i kahi inoa ʻē aʻe, ʻaʻohe mea ʻakaʻaka a ʻakaʻaka paha. Aia kekahi mau hopena maʻalahi i kāu kanaka ponoʻī. Ua lilo ʻo Patrick Ireland i kanaka ʻokoʻa a ʻike ʻia me kona mau manaʻo a me kona mau manaʻo. Ua hoʻokaʻawale ʻia. He pili ia i ka mana o ka inoa, me ka mana o ka ʻōlelo. ʻO nā ʻōlelo i loko o kaʻu hana. Manaʻo wau hiki iā ʻoe ke kāhea iā Patrick Ireland i kahi huaʻōlelo, kahi pūlima. Pono wau e pale i nā mea hokey maanei. Akā, ua hana ʻia kahi hoʻololi like ʻole, kahi hoʻopili, haʻalulu i kāu waiwai. Ua maʻa wau i ka hana e like me ia. I koʻu wā iā ia, ua pau nā mea ʻē aʻe. ʻO wau wale nō me ka hana, a i ʻole me nā mea kōkua maikaʻi - ma Dublin ua laki loa wau i ka loaʻa ʻana o Brendan Earley lāua ʻo Fergus Byrne, e noʻonoʻo nui ana i kā lāua hana. He mea pono loa iaʻu ka hui ʻana i nā poʻe ʻōpio. ʻO Joe Stanley, nāna i kōkua i ka pahu kupapaʻu a me ka effigy o Patrick; ʻO Brian Duggan, ka mea pili pili ʻole, a me Jeannette Doyle nāna i hāʻawi i kona poʻohiwi i ka pahu kupapaʻu o Patrick. I kēia manawa pono wau e hoʻomaʻamaʻa hou i ka hana kiʻi e like me aʻu iho. E poina wau i ke kūʻokoʻa a me ka noʻonoʻo a Patrick i hāʻawi mai iaʻu. Akā, ua haʻalele ʻia ʻo ia me ka hauʻoli. ʻAʻole pepehi ka poʻe Irish i ka poʻe Irish a me nā wahine ma ka ʻĀkau. Ma ke ala, ʻo ka puke a Liam Kelly, Noʻonoʻo lōʻihi piha i nā kiʻi o nā mea pena e pane ana i kēlā paio. Ua hoʻopuka ʻo ia i kekahi mau hana noʻeau nui – ʻo Shane Cullen Fragments sur les institutions Republicaines. A e hoʻomanaʻo i ka hana ikaika a Bob Ballagh ma ka Living Art i ka wā kahiko, i ka makahiki 1972?
palapala aie
(1) Ma hope o nā hanana o Bloody Sunday ma Derry i ka makahiki 1972, ua hoʻomaka ʻo Brian O'Doherty e hoʻohana i ka pseudonym / personae ʻo Patrick Ireland e pili ana i kāna hana noʻeau; a ma ke ʻano o kēia hoʻolālā ua hoʻōki ka mea pena i ka hōʻike ʻana i kāna hana ma Beretania. Ma hope o 36 mau makahiki e hana ana ʻo Patrick Ireland, ua kanu ʻo O 'Doherty i kāna alter ego i kahi hui ma ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike ʻo Irish o Modern Art (20 Mei 2008) ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona e hoʻolauleʻa ai i ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o ka maluhia ma Northern Ireland.
Mai ka waihona:
“Ke manaʻo nei au, ʻo nā hana noʻeau manawa, e hoʻokala i ka ʻike o ka mea nānā. ʻO ka mea āu e ʻike nei aia ma lalo o ka hoʻoweliweli ʻana o ka withdrawal. Aia i loko o ka hana kino make nā quotients o ka mihi, anticipatory flashes o ka hoʻomanaʻo, me ka hoʻomanaʻo ʻana iā ʻoe iho i ka hana kiʻi. No laila, ʻo ka noho ʻana i kahi hoʻonohonoho manawaleʻa hiki ke lilo i mea paʻakikī. " – Brian O'Doherty (4 Mei 1928 – 7 Nowemapa 2022)
Ma hope o ka hala ʻana o ka mea kālai kiʻi paionia a me ka mea pena kiʻi manaʻo, ʻo Brian O'Doherty, ke hoʻopuka hou nei mākou i kahi nīnauele me Brian, i kauoha mua ʻia no VAN Iulai/ʻAukake 2008.
